Technology
XRF (X-ray fluorescence) is mainly used to identify elemental/ mineral composition (energy or wavelength dispersive of the X-rays) & concentrations of the elements (intensity of X-rays)
Well proven method used extensively in laboratories.
Laser induced fluorescence (LIF): Sample is excited with a laser. After some time excited species emit fluorescent light.
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Laser pulse dissociate sample into excited atoms and ions which then emit light at characteristic wavelengths.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF): Atoms are first ionized by removing electrons from inner shells with short wavelength X-rays. As the holes are filled by electrons from higher orbital characteristic radiation is emitted.
